
Photo by kk+
All self development - whether it’s getting fitter, or learning new skills - follows the same three principles: comfort, stretch, and stress. This theory was developed by two psychologists, Andy Ryan and Dawna Markova.
…
Comfort is the realm of our ingrained habits. Stress happens when the challenge is so great that we feel overwelmed. Stretch is the zone in which true change happens.
…
I experience these three principles of development each time I go to a yoga class. If I stay in the comfort zone, my body remains as it is, and I don’t develop flexibility, strength, and balance. If I force my stretches, I am apt to sustain injuries. It is in the mid range where I stretch further than is comfortable, that sustained change happens.
…
The comfort zone has its own importance. For example, it’s important to hold a stretch and relax into it until it feels comfortable. Only then should one enter the stretch zone once more in order to lengthen muscles and ligaments.
…
The optimal way of development is by alternating between comfort and stretch, whilst avoiding stress.
…
The stretch zone can feel uncomfortable because the new skills or behaviours feel strange and awkward. Dawna Markova says:
…
Try lacing your hands together. You habitually do it one way. Now try doing it with the other thumb on top. Feels awkward, doesn’t it? That’s the valuable moment we call confusion, when we fuse the old with the new.
…
After the phase of confusion, the brain begins organizing the new input, creating new pathways in the brain if the process is repeated often enough.
…
This is an unusual take on confusion! But it is in line with the original meaning, as ‘confusion’ means ‘binding together’. It means that it is necessary for the habitual and the new to fuse, in order for a new habit to form.
…
This reminds me of the transformation of an ordinary caterpillar into a beautiful butterfly. I describe this transformation in my article Threshold as follows:
…
When the time for transformation has come, a larva wraps itself in a cocoon and becomes a chrysalis. Just imagine how that might feel! Suddenly the larva is constricted, can’t move anymore and the light darkens. Then a disintegration begins. Some cells die, others revert to an undifferentiated state, some cluster together as ‘imaginal discs’ that carry a genetic blueprint for new structures. If you compare a caterpillar to a butterfly they seem worlds apart and yet one transforms into the other.
.
This process is an example of con-fusion. And it’s exactly how the stretch zone works: the old fuses with the new to establish growth.
…
The stretch zone has important implications for brain health.
.
In her book “This Year I Will…”, Andy Ryan says:
…
Getting into the stretch zone is good for you. It helps keep your brain healthy. It turns out that unless we continue to learn new things, which challenges our brains to create new pathways, they literally begin to atrophy, which may result in dementia, Alzheimer’s and other brain diseases.
…
Continuously stretching ourselves will even help us lose weight, according to one study. Researchers who asked folks to do something different every day - listen to a new radio station, for instance - found that they lost and kept off weight. No one is sure why, but scientists speculate that getting out of routines makes us more aware in general.
…
Which of the three zones of development do you tend to inhabit?
.
• Do your prize comfort? Resist change? If so, you maybe someone who lives mostly in the comfort zone.
.
• Do you love learning and growing? Then you maybe spend most of your time in the stretch zone.
.
• If you often feel stressed and overwhelmed, you may be inhabiting the stress zone.
..
All three zones have their place in life. 
.
The comfort zone is the phase of hibernation. In winter no shoots can be seen above the ground, but beneath the earth root are growing. The shoots are getting ready to pierce the soil and taste the sunlight. This phase is common in creative endeavors. It’s the stillness and seeming dullness that we can experience just before a brain wave.
..
We need to inhabit the stress zone when we’re faced with new situation that has to be mastered in a hurry.
..
The stretch zone is the zone of creativity and innovation. Dawna Markova said something very interesting about it:
..
You cannot have innovation, unless you are willing and able to move through the unknown and go from curiosity to wonder.
.
This means that in order to come through confusion into growth, we need to embrace not-knowing. We need to develop a tolerance for ambiguity. This ‘not knowing’ allows us to find something new in our life and grow in a way we couldn’t previously imagine.
.
What is your experience of comfort, stretch, and grow?
***
Check out my two companion articles:
• What Makes Us Creative?
• How to Establish a New Habit the No-Sweat Way (Guest post at Zen Habits)

It is so easy to say in the comfort zone. We generally don’t even notice it, agree?
It hurts to stretch but it really is the only way to grow. Well said ![]()
@Jarrod
That’s so true: when we’re in the comfort zone it feels ‘natural’ and we don’t notice we’re in it. It takes a lot of determination to exit the comfort zone.
Hi Mary - I really like the last line:
“You cannot have innovation, unless you are willing and able to move through the unknown and go from curiosity to wonder.”
It seems like we’re expected to always seek comfort, but sacrificing the stretch zone to be more in the comfort zone will stunt growth and innovation. Great post!
Al at 7Ps last blog post..The Best Investment Strategy During a Recession
It would be so heavenly to have my body and my mind in the same zone at the same time! My body LOVES the comfort zone while my mind HATES it! As a compromise, they meet up in the stress zone when I try to exercise.
This post gave me an idea about approaching my next workout with a different attitude. I will let you know how it goes!
Annie Binnss last blog post..High-Five Fridays | July 18, 2008
@Al
I think it’s very interesting how the stretch zone heightens creativity! But I think only if one doesn’t get into the stress zone. Once one’s in the stretch zone, creativity shrivels.
@Annie
Yeah - it’s awkward when mind and body are in different places. I look forward to your update on how your new strategies in a workout works.
That’s a good analogy to make. I like it. And as with all things, the right balance of the three is what results in balanced development. We need each of them.
I think in the past few years, I have been polarized to the stretch stress end of things. Now I am balancing out with some comfort.
Balance can be in the microcosm of activity or the macrocosm over time. We can employ the three today, while still being out of balance in general, and then balance that out next month, or next year.
We operate on so many levels at once, and these three principals are in constant flux across that spectrum.
Just some random thoughts ![]()
John
John Rocheleaus last blog post..In True Love We Trust — and Give Space
I always notice these zones when I’m studying new guitar pieces. If I stay in the comfort zone of my current skill level, I can usually pick up and play new pieces relatively quickly but get stuck at a certain level of fluidity and speed. If I try to play faster, I end up stumbling and possibly getting frustrated (or embarrassed :-S )…
But when I slow down and try to play with new approaches to fingering I begin with a sacrifice - forcing myself to be unable to play the piece as well as I naturally could by taking on new and unfamiliar forms, forcing my brain to focus hard while playing each note. Later, after some time has passed, the old habits are replaced or augmented by the new practices, and when I return to my comfort zone to just play the song it comes out 5 times faster and more beautiful than before. And that’s where I get the motivation for the next time I’m sacrificing my skills to learn new ones! ![]()
It’s kind of a never-ending balance between sowing seeds of growth in the stretch zone and reaping the harvest in the comfort zone, both mutually supportive of each other.
Damn its so nice in my comfort zone and now you have made me think about it.
Never mind I can blame you for all that learning which is going to make my head so heavy I ll have a lie down.
Uwe
@Uwe
Ha ha, that’s funny! (It’s so nice to see my favourite ex-husband join in!)
Stretching is a word with many facits. People stretch muscles, their brains and mind. It is a practice that enrichs many parts of the soul that are underestimated, unrecognized and unseen.
Hi Mary.. Nice post. It is great that the universe stretches us even when we don’t feel like stretching.
This is a great post. Thankfully I am rarely in the stress zone. I enjoy being in the stretch zone (life long learning) since it makes my comfort zone larger. But it is a process where resting in the comfort zone also is needed so things can settle and we then can take the next step in our personal and spiritual growth.
I like the idea that we should stretch, but then we should hold it for a moment until we become comfortable, then stretch again. And like you point out, sometimes stress is necessary when we need to make a fast change. So there is a season for everything.
Marelisas last blog post..Welcome to Abundance Blog at Marelisa Online
Very interesting post Mary. Depression and an anxiety disorder have kept me in the stressed zone for long periods of time over the years, which alternates with me spending as much time as I can in the comfort zone to compensate, and not much time ’strecthing’.
I developed the attitude that pain is necessary for growth, and it’s very affirming to hear again that that’s not the case.
I’d never thought of “stretch” as being a mental thing in addition to physical, but it makes perfect sense. I really love this line: “The optimal way of development is by alternating between comfort and stretch, whilst avoiding stress.”
I think that really is the best way to live. Very well said.
Hi Mary,
I can relate to this article since I’m also doing Yoga like you. The stretching part is key in personal development, first, we have to stretch our mind, then stretch our reality by doing whatever it is we need to do.
Ohms last blog post..Do We Really Need Labels?
Hi Ohm,
I sometimes forget to stay with the stretch when I’m learning and developing a new skill. I often rush on to the next challenge without allowing myself to catch up.
[...] coach and constant quest for self righteousness and lokahi, I wandered upon an interesting blog, goodlifezen, about personal growth. I really identified with this particular post, not only because it deals [...]
Comments